FORMATION OF THE WORLD PICTURE OF PRESCHOOLS AND JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN BY MEANS OF PAINTING

Abstract

The article substantiates the importance of forming a picture of the world in children of preschool and primary school age. The urgency of the studied problem is due to the objective need to form a picture of the world of the individual as a regulator of his life and a condition for successful existence in today's changing world. The peculiarities of rational and sensory cognition are analyzed, in particular the following: sensory cognition makes it possible to know only the external signs of phenomena, objects, floors; essential properties and connections can be learned through abstract thinking. The basis of rational knowledge of the world by man is scientific knowledge, sensory knowledge is largely provided by various arts. Conclusions are made about the need to harmonize the worldview of preschool and primary school children, because this process, according to scientists, has certain shortcomings: in it, rational cognition dominates over the sensory. The functions of art in the development of personality are clarified, among which: social-transforming, hedonistic, aesthetic, suggestive, educational, compensatory, social, information-communicative, cognitive. The author's approaches to the use of painting as a means of enriching the picture of the world of children of a certain age and harmonizing their worldview are described. The criteria for selecting the content of education (selection of paintings) are described, including: the subject of the paintings, its accessibility for children of preschool and primary school age and the connection with their life experience; reflection in paintings of various aspects of human existence; artistic style of painting; brightness of images of a picture; moral orientation of the content of the picture; number of objects in the picture, etc. Approaches to the organization of knowledge of the world by preschoolers and junior schoolchildren by means of painting are described. It is established that important for the personal development of children of preschool and primary school age, enrichment of their picture of the world are: observation, implementation of mental operations, evaluation, creation of creative products. The essence of the technology of personal development "The world in the paintings of artists" and the corresponding albums of developmental tasks for children of different ages are described.