THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHENOMENON OF PERSONALITY IN PHILOSOPHICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL DISCOURSE: A REVIEW OF MAJOR APPROACHES

Abstract

The article reviews the definition “a person” in its diachronic development and interpretation. The variety of formulations of this concept demonstrates its diversity, structural complexity. Personality – is not only a socio-historical category, but also the object of study of many interconnected sciences, such as: pedagogy, psychology, sociology, ethics, aesthetics, history, philosophy, etc. Exactly in pedagogy the basic concepts and achievements of these sciences are integrated. The peculiarity of this phenomenon is the fact that during different historical epochs the idea of personality was changing. The humanistic approach to the establishment and formation of personality, based on the principles of person-centered education was developed in pedagogical science. Without analysis of the concept “personality” and its perception in different historical periods it is impossible to realize fully its value in the modern pedagogy, in the context of understanding the problems of the orphan personality formation. When working in orphanages and boarding institutions it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the orphan`s personality. Wherein, this establishment and development of the individual depend on the range of external and internal factors. These are heredity and social environment, as well as targeted education and training. At various ages of the individual the certain peculiarities of his/her identity development and self-realization, creative activity, social maturity can be noticed. The issue of orphan personality formation occupies a central place in theoretical research, teaching and implementing innovative programs of orphanage “Perlynka” (Odessa).