The editorial board of the scientific journal adheres to the principles of academic integrity, transparency, and publication ethics in accordance with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All complaints are handled objectively, impartially, and confidentially.

Submission of a Complaint

A complaint may be submitted by any interested party (author, reviewer, or reader). The request should be sent to the editorial office email address and must include:

• a description of the issue;
• article details (title, author(s), DOI if available);
• justification (and supporting evidence, if available);
• contact details of the complainant.

Anonymous complaints may be considered if sufficient grounds are provided.

Complaint Review Process

The complaint is registered and initially assessed by the Editor-in-Chief. If necessary, members of the editorial board or independent experts may be involved. All parties concerned are given the opportunity to provide explanations.

The standard review period is up to 30 calendar days (may be extended in complex cases).

Decision

Based on the review, the editorial board may:

• reject the complaint;
• request corrections;
• reject the manuscript;
• retract the article;
• apply other measures in accordance with ethical standards.

All relevant parties are informed of the decision.

Appeals

The complainant has the right to submit an appeal within 30 calendar days after receiving the editorial decision (via the email address provided in the complaint). Appeals are reviewed by the editorial board, with the involvement of independent experts where necessary.