Organization of education in war conditions: recommendations of international organizations

Abstract

Стаття присвячена проблемі виховання в умовах збройних конфліктів, зокрема організації навчання та розвитку механізмів захисту освіти в умовах надзвичайних ситуацій та бойових дій. Метою даного дослідження є розгляд рекомендацій міжнародних та неурядових організацій щодо забезпечення навчально-виховного процесу в умовах військових конфліктів.
It is noted that education in armed conflicts, the organization of training in military conflicts and the resumption of the educational process after hostilities are the subject of the careful study of international organizations, including UNESCO, UNICEF, OECD, German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ), Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack (GCPEA), Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies (INEE), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO) and others.
The motives of the attack on education, direct and long-term negative consequences of the impact on the education system in the interpretation of these organizations are analyzed. Among the direct negative impacts included by UNESCO are numerous deaths of educators, pupils, students and managers due to explosions and shootings; deliberate killings of individual educators, pupils, students and trade unionists; destruction of educational buildings / infrastructure by explosions, arson, robberies; illegal detention, “disappearance”, torture of teachers, scientists and trade unionists; abduction and / or rape of pupils, students, teachers, lecturers and officials, forced recruitment of child soldiers.
It is accented that the leading international organizations among them the UN and its specialized agencies UNESCO and UNICEF, OECD, EU show synergies to protect the right to education for all, as well as to promote continuing education in emergencies and war.
It is concluded that there are many ways to continue the educational process in the context of hostilities which educators can consider in accordance with each situation. Ensuring the continuation of the learning process means providing education in a different way, so that students will have access to learning despite the interruption of the normal education system. Methods of alternative education should include, but are not limited to, changing places of study, non-formal learning programs, accelerating learning, temporary places of study or home schools. In some situations, distance and open learning methods may be used.